藏红花病毒病原的分子鉴定

目的 研究栽培藏红花的病毒病原.方法 综合运用病毒粒子形态和细胞病理学电镜观察、DAS-ELISA检测、RT-PCR检测及序列测定等技术进行病原鉴定.结果 透射电镜负染色观察到病株汁液含有600～900 nm的线状病毒粒子;超薄切片观察到病株细胞质内有大量线状病毒粒子、Ⅱ型风轮状内含体和电子致密无定型体,符合菜豆黄花叶病毒Beamyellow mosaic virus (BYMV)的病理学特征.应用BYMV抗体进行病株DAS-ELISA检测结果为阳性,应用马铃薯Y病毒属特异性引物Sprimer和M4对病株进行RT-PCR检测结果为阳性,对阳性结果进行分子克隆及序列测定发现目标序列与BYMV有99％的同源性.结论 综合检测结果判明侵染浙江藏红花的病毒病原为BYMV.     

Crocin from Kashmiri Saffron (Crocus sativus) Induces in Vitro and in Vivo Xenograft Growth Inhibition of Dalton ’ s Lymphoma (DLA) in Mice

In this study we investigated in vitro and in vivo xenograft growth inhibition by crocin isolated from Kashmirisaffron (Crocus sativus). It was found that crocin decreased cell viability in DLA cells, in a concentration- andtime-dependent manner. Significant increase in the lifespan of Dalton’s lymphoma bearing animals was notedby 37% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, animals given treatment before induction of cancer showed 58%increase in lifespan and there was 95.6% reduction of solid tumor in crocin treated animals on the 31st day aftertumor inoculation. Crocin also showed significant impact on hematological parameters, like the hemoglobincount and numbers of lymphocytes. These findings support the conclusion that crocin from Crocus sativus hassignificant anti-tumor activity.     

Saffron as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is an extensively used food additive for its color and taste. Since ancient times this plant has been introduced as a marvelous medicine throughout the world. The wide spectrum of saffron pharmacological activities is related to its major constituents including crocin, crocetin and safranal. Based on several studies, saffron and its active ingredients have been used as an antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive, antidepressant, antitussive, anticonvulsant, memory enhancer, hypotensive and anticancer. According to the literatures, saffron has remarkable therapeutic effects. The protective effects of saffron and its main constituents in different tissues including brain, heart, liver, kidney and lung have been reported against some toxic materials either natural or chemical toxins in animal studies.In this review article, we have summarized different in vitro and animal studies in scientific databases which investigate the antidotal and protective effects of saffron and its major components against natural toxins and chemical-induced toxicities. Due to the lake of human studies, further investigations are required to ascertain the efficacy of saffron as an antidote or a protective agent in human intoxication.     

白萝卜提取物对大鼠小肠动力作用的影响

[目的]研究白萝卜提取物(Raphanus sativus L extract,Ecr)和西沙比利对大鼠小肠动力作用的影响,并进行对比观察,为开发Ecr促胃肠动力作用的药用价值提供理论依据。[方法]采用旋转蒸发的方法制备Ecr后,以1 ml/kg(每1 ml折合生药约57 g)的剂量灌胃给药,同时设立西沙比利对照组和0.85%氯化钠对照组。应用小肠肌电测定和胃肠内标记物葡聚糖蓝2000进行标记的方法,测定给药前后大鼠小肠消化间期移行性复合肌电活动(Interdigestive myoelectrical complex,IMC)的变化和小肠推进比。[结果]Ecr对小肠推进有明显促进作用,IMC周期显著缩短,活动期单位时间内快波数明显增加,且与西沙比利组没有显著性差异,但与0.85%氯化钠对照组相比差异有统计学意义。[结论]Ecr对大鼠小肠动力具有显著的促进作用,其作用效果与西沙比利相近。     

罗汉参血糖生成指数的测定分析

目的测定罗汉参和南瓜的血糖生成指数(GI),并与其他高碳水化合物食物的GI值进行比较,探讨产生差异的可能原因。方法采用交叉实验法,空腹健康志愿者分3次食用葡萄糖粉、罗汉参和南瓜,每种食物间隔72?h,测定空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖水平,绘制血糖应答曲线。结果以葡萄糖GI值为100,罗汉参和南瓜的GI值分别为48.87±0.06、78.75±0.11。食用罗汉参和南瓜后血糖峰值均出现在45?min,罗汉参的血糖应答曲线下增值面积明显低于葡萄糖粉和南瓜（P＜0.05）,南瓜的血糖应答曲线下增值面积明显小于葡萄糖粉（P＜0.05）。结论罗汉参为低GI食物,南瓜为高GI食物,罗汉参的餐后血糖水平低于南瓜等高碳水化合物食物,可能是由于罗汉参淀粉中抗性淀粉含量较高（77.31%）所致。     

Avicenna's (Ibn Sina) the Canon of Medicine and Saffron (Crocus sativus): A Review

In this review, we introduce the traditional uses of saffron and its pharmacological activities as described by either Avicenna in Book II, Canon of Medicine (al‐Qanun fi al‐tib) or from recent scientific studies. Modern pharmacological findings on saffron are compared with those mentioned in Avicenna's monograph. A computerized search of published articles was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as local references. The search terms used were saffron, Crocus sativus, crocin, crocetin, safranal, picrocrocin, Avicenna and ‘Ibn Sina’. Avicenna described various uses of saffron, including its use as an antidepressant, hypnotic, anti‐inflammatory, hepatoprotective, bronchodilatory, aphrodisiac, inducer of labour, emmenagogue and others. Most of these effects have been studied in modern pharmacology and are well documented. The pharmacological data on saffron and its constituents, including crocin, crocetin and safranal, are similar to those found in Avicenna's monograph. This review indicates that the evaluation of plants based on ethnobotanical information and ancient books may be a valuable approach to finding new biological activities and compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its active constituent, crocin, on recognition and spatial memory after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats

Cerebral ischemia produces brain damage and related behavioral deficits such as memory. In this study, a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was used to determine whether saffron extract and crocin, which are potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers, can reduce vascular cognitive impairment. Male adult Wistar rats were administered different doses of an aqueous solution of crocin or hydroalcohol extract of saffron intraperitoneally (i.p.) 5 days after permanent occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Spatial learning and memory were assessed in training trials, 7–11 days after common carotid artery ligation using the Morris water maze. The results showed that the escape latency time was significantly reduced from 24.64 s in the control group to 8.77 and 10.47 s by crocin (25 mg/kg) and saffron extract (250 mg/kg). The traveled distance to find the platform was also changed from 772 cm in the control group to 251 and 294 cm in the crocin (25 mg/kg) and saffron extract (250 mg/kg) groups. The percentages of time spent in the target quadrant, in comparison with the control group (24.16%), increased to 34.25% in the crocin (25 mg/kg) and 34.85% in the saffron extract (250 mg/kg) group. This study suggests that saffron extract and crocin improve spatial cognitive abilities following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and that these effects may be related to the antioxidant effects of these compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西红花及其常见伪品的鉴别方法

从性状、理化、显微鉴别方面论述西红花的鉴别要点。常见伪品有莲须、玉米花柱及其它花丝加工品、菊花的舌状花冠加工品、草红花加工品、番红花雄蕊制成品、纸张与淀粉的加工品。     

耐胆汁型牛黄转化菌的分离、鉴定及其牛黄转化活力研究

目的 分离和鉴定能够耐受牛胆汁的牛黄转化细菌,并应用到体外培育牛黄的制备。方法 从形成牛黄的牛胆囊胆汁中分离到可在牛胆汁中长期存活且具有较强牛黄转化能力的菌株（NDZNM-01）,观测其外部形态、理化性状、分类学地位、牛胆汁耐受力,以及牛黄转化活力。结果 根据对NDZNM-01菌株外部形态与生理生化特征的检测结果,判断为柠檬酸杆菌属细菌。进一步根据其16S rDNA序列的聚类分析结果,显示该菌株与其他3种柠檬酸杆菌属的细菌聚在一个分支上,但形成单系,属于新发现的菌株。应用菌株NDZNM-01发酵新鲜牛胆汁,其中的胆红素含量增加了2.35倍,胆酸含量增加了2.13倍。结论 综合对NDZNM-01菌株的形态观察、生理生化鉴定,以及分子鉴定结果,NDZNM-01属于一种能够耐受牛胆汁的柠檬酸杆菌属的肠道细菌,具有高效转化牛胆汁为牛黄的活力。该牛黄转化细菌最终命名为Citrobacter bovis NDZNM-01 Wang Houwei,菌种收藏编号为CGMCC24893。     

注射用西红花总苷粉针剂的研制

目的 :探讨注射用西红花总苷的处方组成和制备工艺。方法 :以甘露醇、氯化钠、山梨醇为骨架材料 ,制备注射用西红花总苷粉针剂 ;采用HPLC测定西红花总苷粉针剂的含量。结果 :最佳处方为 :甘露醇 5 g ,西红花 5 g(1∶1) ,5 0mg西红花总苷粉针剂能在 2mL注射用水中迅速溶解。 3批样品含量为 99.8% ,10 0 .1% ,98.83% ,符合新药申报要求。结论 :本研究方法制备工艺合理 ,所得制剂质量可控 ,性质稳定 ,可满足临床用药需求